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				First published: June 1, 2024 - Last updated: June 1, 2024
			TITLE INFORMATION 
			
			Authors: Minsu Park, Jaehyuk Park, Fabio Rojas, and Yong-Yeol Ahn
			
 Title: Rap Music as a Social Reflection
 
 Subtitle: Exploring the Relationship Between Social Conditions and Expressions of Violence and Materialism in Rap Lyrics
 
 Journal: Preprint
 
 Volume:
 
 Issue:
 
 Year: 2024
 
 Pages: 23 pages (PDF)
 
 ISSN:  - 
					Find a Library: WorldCat | 
				eISSN:  - 
					Find a Library: WorldCat
 
 Language: English
 
 Keywords: 
				Modern History: 
					20th Century, 
					21st Century | 
				American History: 
					U.S. History | 
				Types: 
					Rape, 
					Sexual Assault; 
				Representations: 
					Song Texts
 
 FULL TEXT
 
			
			Links:
			- ResearchGate (Free Access)
 
 - SocArXiv Papers (Free Access)
 
 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
 
			
			Authors:
			- 
				Yong-Yeol Ahn, 
					Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, 
					Indiana University Bloomington - 
					Author's Personal Website, 
					Google Scholar, 
					ResearchGate
 
 - 
				Fabio Rojas, 
					Department of Sociology, 
					Indiana University Bloomington - 
					Wikipedia
 
 - 
				Minsu Park, 
					Division of Social Science, 
					New York University Abu Dhabi - 
					Author's Personal Website, 
					Google Scholar
 
 Abstract: 
				»Rap music, often scrutinized for its portrayal of violence, misogyny, materialism, and drug use, can serve as an intriguing case study to empirically explore whether art reflects its time. While existing literature has consistently confirmed the prevalence and increasing trend of these themes in rap lyrics, investigations considering the social context during the production of these songs remain scarce. By analyzing lyrical expressions related to physical and street violence, misogyny, money, and drug use in 27,445 underground and mainstream rap singles released in the United States from 1971 to 2016, we observe significant temporal variations in the prevalence of these themes, each following distinct patterns. Importantly, these themes in lyrics are strongly correlated with pertinent social indicators, including the rates of crime, sexual assault, poverty, and DEA arrests, without significant cross-correlations. These findings suggest that music serves as a mirror of the social and economic realities of the time, providing insights into the depiction of deep-seated social problems through art forms.« 
				(Source: Preprint)
 
 Contents:
 
			
			
			|  | Abstract (p. 1) |  
			|  | Introduction (p. 1) |  
			|  | Researching Rap through Content Analysis (p. 2) |  
			|  | The Present Study (p. 4) |  
			|  | Data and Methods (p. 6) |  
			|  |  | Rap lyrics data (p. 6) |  
			|  |  | Selection of topics and seed words (p. 6) |  
			|  |  | Expanding topical words through Word2Vec (p. 7) |  
			|  |  | Correlational analysis with social indicators (p. 8) |  
			|  | Preliminary Results (p. 8) |  
			|  | Results (p. 10) |  
			|  |  | Algorithmic keyword expansion (p. 10) |  
			|  |  | Correlations with social statistics (p. 11) |  
			|  | Discussion and Conclusion (p. 12) |  
			|  | References (p. 14) |  Wikipedia: 
				History of the Americas: 
					History of the United States | 
				Music: 
					Hip hop music / 
						American hip hop | 
				Sex and the law: 
					Rape / 
						Rape in the United States | 
				Sex and the law: 
					Sexual assault / 
						Sex crimes in the United States
 |